Peptide directory

GHK Basic is the free tripeptide Gly-His-Lys, an endogenous copper-binding peptide found in human tissues and plasma. Its defining feature is high-affinity binding of Cu(II), and most of its biology is interpreted through that copper-delivery behavior and its more heavily studied complex, GHK-Cu.

GHK-Cu is the copper(II) complex of GHK and is the best-studied member of the GHK family. It is the form with the strongest mechanistic data for fibroblast activation, wound repair, and skin-remodeling biology.

Livagen is a short synthetic tetrapeptide, Lys-Glu-Asp-Ala (KEDA), from the Khavinson "bioregulator" literature. It is studied mainly as a liver-associated peptide, with most indexed work in Russian and centered on chromatin effects, liver morphology, and broader organ bioregulation rather than modern large clinical trials.

"Mechano-Growth Factor" usually refers to the IGF-1Ec splice variant or, in many peptide products, to synthetic peptides derived from the MGF E-domain. MGF expression rises after mechanical loading, stretch, or injury, but the field has been marked by disputed interpretations and confirmation-bias concerns.

TB-500 — as flagged by the FDA — refers specifically to the thymosin beta-4 fragment LKKTETQ, not full-length thymosin beta-4. The two are frequently conflated in marketing material, but the FDA states it lacks human exposure data for fragment-containing drug products. No approved human medicine exists.